Peatland Restoration Standard and Technical Guidelines

For England and Wales

Peatland Standard & Technical Guidelines for England and Wales

The project aims to research and develop a peatland restoration standard, and technical guidance, for peatland restoration across England and Wales. The work will be broken down into three phases:

Evidence Review

The evidence review will seek to answer the following questions:

  • What constitutes success in a peatland restoration project?

  • Is it possible to define metrics that characterise restoration success across key outcome types?

  • Can success be quantified as key stages along a recovery trajectory?
Development of technical guidance
  • This will assess what tools and techniques deliver efficient, effective and durable peatland restoration outcomes.

  • The aim is to create an accessible ‘one stop shop’ for practitioners, including detail on different restoration techniques.
Development of peatland restoration standard
  • Based on the findings of the evidence review, this will develop a set of principles that restoration projects should adhere to, to maximise benefits.

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Webinar Q&A

How will you deal with any evidence gaps around the impacts of different restoration approaches?

The project will use published and grey literature, where available, to assess the impact of techniques against metrics of success (these metrics will be defined in the first stage of the project). We are very aware that robust data is likely to be limited, which is why engaging with the sector is crucial - there is a request out now for internal reports, if you have information that relates to the success or failiure of techniques, please send these across.

The inclusion of techniques within the technical guidance will be based on the evidence that is available, expert observations, as well as assessing the objectives of different methods and likelihood of influencing the metrics of success. The strength of evidence in support of different techniques will be clearly identified (where possible) in the production of the technical guidance. 

Is there a programme for structured engagement so stakeholders can plan their input?

There will be, and it will be shared with you as early as possible. We will be considering the range of stakeholders, level of interest and prefered method of engagement in the design of engagement and are currently collecting data to help us do so through the form on our website. If you would like to be involved, please complete the form. 

One the register is created, is the idea that this provide an opportunity for private finance be more involved in peatland restoration? Peatland restoration credits, carbon credits etc.

The primary focus of this work is to improve the consistency and quality of peatland restoration, and enable better measurement of progress against aims. In turn, this may facilitate private finance in projects that deliver on these aims (or are likely to), by improving confidence in associated claims. However, we are not designing a mechanism for private investment. 

Will Paludiculture be in scope of this standard, either as an end point or a point on the restoration trajectory for agricultural peat soils?

The impact of a shift to paludiculture on agricultural peat soils will be considered against the definition of restoration success.  However, we will not be writing technical guidance on agricultural practice.

Will the evidence review consider the wider NbS value of peatland restoration in delivering ecosystem services / public goods (multiple benefits) of different techniques in terms of setting best practice/"the standard"?

The first stage of the project is to define 'success' against policy objectives, which will encompass the services derived from peatlands. We are not predetermining what the conclusions from this will be. The technical guidance and peatland standard will then work to guide projects to achieving success, as defined in this first stage. 

Will the peatland standard be clear on how it delivers Env Act and EIP targets - eg the Habs Target, Species Recovery, Protected Sites condition etc?

The first stage of the project aims to produce a definition for success that reflects government policy objectives. The peatland standard will be informed by the results of this process, and be designed to guide projects towards achieving 'success' against the relevant metrics. Although the objectives for peatland restoration under the Peatland Standard will be formed by policy objectives, is unlikely that the Peatland Standard will directly relate upwards to the clear delivery of multiple and specific policy targets.

Will the review consider long-term impact / success of restoration, or will it only focus on impact / success soon after initial capital works? If it will look at long-term impact, will there be sufficient longitudinal data?

The aim of the first stage of the project is to establish a definition for success against policy objectives and the most appropriate metrics are for assessing it,  considering multiple factors, including timescales. We are aware that data may be limited, and the review aims to establish the strength of the evidence base and identify gaps, as well as answer the overarching questions (success against policy, peatland type, spatial and temporal etc elements) as best as  possible. 

Will the standard be purely guidance or could it be used to regulate the sector and impose the need to go back if the restoration doesn't meet the standard?

One of the aims of this project is to improve the consistency and quality of peatland restoration projects, including publicly funded projects. We will consider whether alignment with the standard (for example, in project design) should be a requirement for funding in future, and Defra will engage the sector on this question. 

Will the standard include post rewetting maintenance including further interventions and interaction with other land uses such as grazing?

Yes, it will cover principles for ongoing maintenance of peatland restoration sites. However, providing detailed guidance on various types of land management (e.g. grazing) is not within the scope of the project and the standard will likely refer out to other resources (where noted and availible). 

Will this work include standardisation of GIS, such as how we plan and report restoration? Also will it help create GIS products, such as models to help identify how the standard will be applied at the planning stage?

The outputs of this project will inlcude guidance on the planning of restoration projects and mapping. What form this takes - i.e. whether it extends to producing standard GIS models has not yet been decided, and will be informed by consultation with the sector and current ways of working. These will have to be linked to the objectives outlined in the initial stage of the project. 

Will valley mire restoration be included? Will the dependence of blanket bog function on valley mire/wet woodland/fen in valleys below being considered ?(i.e. landscape level rather than gulley level function)

The first stage of the project aims to produce a definition for success that reflects policy objectives. This will consider the full breath of peatland types across England and Wales, as well as scale (landscape vs site level) and timeframes. The contents of the peatland restoration standard and technical guidance documents will be based around this definition.

How will the standard relate to the peatland code?

The aim of the first stage of the project is to define success looks with respect to policy objectives, and what the most appropriate metrics are for assessing it. This will be established through a rapid evidence review, which will incorporate the Peatland Code's measures of success. The Peatland Code process and reporting requirements will also be considered in the development of technical guidance.

How is IUCN involved in the development of this standard?

The IUCN will be part of the technical advisory group, which will be chaired by Natural England 

Are you talking to the Peatland Restoration Roadmap team? They also requested reports on restoration trajectories and might be able to share with you the reports that TAG members submitted.

Yes, Iain Diack and others have been speaking to the technical advisory group about engagement with this work, and NE have been very helpful sharing documents and reports from that work. But also please send any reports you have to hand!

Does the Standard cover lowland and upland peat?

Yes, the standard will cover all types of peatland relevant to England and Wales

will the restoration curve incorporate species that depend on peatland habitats? Birds and Inverts. In theory a lot of the peatland habitat requiring restoration lies in the uplands within protected sites and so enhancing habitats for species particularly those associated with certain upland bird assemblages and SPA bird features would be a key outcome.

The evidence review will consider how success is defined against multiple related policy objectives, including biodiversity. This will also explore what the most appropriate metrics are for assessing success with respect to this definition.  We cannot predetermine what the outcome of this process will be and whether it would incorporate assessment of bird populations, but the standard will not preclude projects from undertaking additional measurements. 

How will the review consider different types of peatland (blanket bog, raised bog, fenland)? Will you handle these as distinct strands of work?

Exactly how distinctly these will be treated in the technical guidance and peatland standard will depend on the outcomes of the evidence review and scope for common approaches. 

How will this project link with the work on the creation of a restoration register? Will it inform what counts for inclusion on that register?

The two projects are distinct with no clear dependencies. The standard won't inform what counts for inclusion in ther register. 

In terms of what I would want from a Peatland standard . . . a standardised list of intervention names and definitions to enable data to be brought together across England and Wales. This already exists for Wales. different names are used in different parts of the country and also interchangeably, e.g. bund/dam

Agreed that this is important. The technical guidance document will provide descriptions against named techniques, which should help improve consistency in the use of terminology. Having enagegement from different geographical and technical groups across the industry will be key to enabling this - please sign up on the contact form to have your expertise included.

How will / will you define 'restoration' as part of the standard and how will you ensure that monitoring is truly long-term?

Defining the objectives of restoration and what 'success' looks like is the very first stage of the project. This will explore multiple project and policy objectives through a rapid evidence review of published and grey literature. The metrics used to measure success will also be determined through this review, which will consider timescales.

We are currently seeking support from the sector to incorporate evidence that might otherwise not be publicly available. 

We are specifically seeking:

  • Any reports (published or unpublished) that relate to:
    • peatland restoration success (or lack of) at site or landscape level
    • The effectiveness of specific techniques on ecosystem functioning (considering multiple indicators or outcomes) at site or landscape level
    • Approaches to monitoring success, including over varying timescales and at different spatial scales

  • Any other documents that you would like considered in the development of:
    • ‘Success’ as a definition
    • Standardised monitoring for peatland projects
    • Technical guidance (full-project lifecycle)
    • Peatland standard

Please fill out our form and a member of the team will be in touch:

Thank you.

A member of our team will be in touch soon.

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Project Timeline (2025–2027)

Peatland Project Timeline (Bidwells colours/fonts)
2025
Start of September 25
Project start
End of September 25
Literature review start
Start of October 25
Webinar and engagement request
End of October 25
Formation of an early advisory group
Start of November 25
Technical Guidelines review start
2026
May 26
Draft of Peatland Standard start
June 26
Sector Webinar
July 26
Draft Peatland Standard ready for wider consultation
2027
April 27
Project completion

Image creditation: UKCEH

Image creditation: UKCEH

Image creditation: UKCEH
Image creditation: UKCEH

Image creditation: UKCEH

Image creditation: UKCEH
Image creditation: UKCEH

Image creditation: UKCEH

Image creditation: UKCEH

Get involved in shaping the Peatland Standard

The peatland restoration sector is huge, innovative, multidisciplinary and nuanced. As such, we would like to hear from any person involved in any capacity relating to all types of peatland and its potential restoration. The more engagement during this project, the better the end result for all of us. So, are you interested in the development of a Peatland Restoration Standard for England and Wales? Please register your details on the link above, and we’ll reach out through the project to incorporate as many views as possible.

Please register your interest above, otherwise for all other queries, please email peatland.standard@bidwells.co.uk

Project Team

Stuart Burbige

Stuart Burbidge

Partner, Natural Capital & Sustainable Investment

With international experience delivering bespoke and landscape-scale biodiversity projects, Stuart has dedicated more than a decade to natural land management and research.

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Fernanda White

Fernanda White

Senior Natural Capital Consultant

With a career spanning from military logistics to nature conservation across varied habitats, Fernanda connects finance and ecology by harnessing her expertise to scale-up restoration and tackle climate change and biodiversity loss.

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Image of Raye Ward-Baker

Raye Ward-Baker

Natural Capital Consultant

With a strong academic research background, Raye brings analytical thinking and fresh ideas to her project, adding real value to peatland restoration.

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